UNIT- I: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Biological Science : Meaning -Aims and objectives of teaching Biological Science in schools – Need and significance of teaching Biological Science- Nature – Scope -Values of Teaching Biological Science. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Instructional Objectives: Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor Domains, Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy 2001 (Anderson & Krathwohl) Interrelation among the domains – Correlation between subjects.

Unit-II : TEACHING SKILLS

Micro-Teaching : Concept, Definition, Steps and Cycle - Micro-teaching Vs Macro-Teaching - Skill of Set Induction - Skill of Explaining, Skill of Questioning, Probing skills, Skill of Stimulus Variation, Skill of Reinforcement, Skill of non-verbal clues, Skill of Closure, Skill of Black Board Usage - Link lesson – Model episode.

Unit – III : APPROACHES OF TEACHING

Approaches of Teaching Biological Science : The Concentric Approach, Topical Approach, Chronological Approach, Unit Approach, Correlated Approach and Integrated Approach - Lesson Planning: Need for Lesson Planning, Steps in Lesson Planning, - Organizing Teaching: Memory Level (Herbartian Model), Understanding Level (Morrison teaching Model), Reflective Level (Bigge and Hunt Teaching Model)– Unit Plan – Lesson Plan Writing.

Unit-IV : METHODS OF TEACHING

Teacher-centred methods : Lecture method – Demonstration method – Team Teaching. Learner –centred methods: Laboratory method - Peer tutoring/ teaching by students – Project method – Individual activities – Experiential method – Teacher guided learning – Problemsolving method –Small group/whole class interactive learning – Students’ Seminar – Group discussion. Recent Trends: Constructivist learning – Problem-based learning – Brain-based learning – Collaborative learning.

Unit-V : INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

Audio Resources : Radio talk – Audio Tapes – DVDs/CDs.

Visual resources : Pictures – Flash cards – charts – Posters – Photographs – Models.

Print Resources : Newspapers – Journals and magazines – Science Encyclopaedias.

ICT Resources : Radio – Television- Internet, Multimedia, Interactive whiteboard, Online Teaching Resources.

Community resources : Zoological gardens, Botanical gardens, Eco-park- Aquarium – Science Exhibition / Fair – Fieldtrip.

New Emerging Media : Tele-Conferencing, Communication Satellites, Computer Networking, Word Processors, Blended Learning, Flipped Classroom, Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality - Qualities of a good Biology Textbook – Qualities of a Biology teacher.